Abstract
Analyzing Japan’s situation, this study examines how shifts in national government prioritization of infrastructure for large baseload electricity sources influence the political power of entities responsible for maintaining and expanding this infrastructure. Applying two theoretical frameworks – the theory on co-evolution of technological systems and institutions, and the advocacy coalition framework – the study shows how infrastructure prioritization leads to economic vested interests and political power that combine to shape energy system trajectories in complex ways that can enable both stasis and change after external shocks. Findings generate insights on how shifts in electricity infrastructure priorities and utility empowerment affect economic considerations for energy systems. Findings also provide lessons for policymakers on how linkages between infrastructure prioritization and political power can promote energy system lock-in. The study suggests that energy system adaptability requires framing of energy system goals in ways that enable necessary infrastructure investment while creating flexibility that allows future infrastructure changes.