Abstract
This essay evaluates the likely consequences of a hypothetical nuclear conflict between India and Pakistan by estimating the civilian casualties that would result from nuclear attacks on targets within the two countries. Why India and Pakistan require nuclear weapons or the political situations that might lead to nuclear war are not addressed, but given the tension between India and Pakistan over Kashmir and the fact that they have fought multiple wars and have had numerous other military engagements since their independence in 1947 provides ample context for investigation.
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