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Summer of Summits: Are the Rising Powers Optimistic or Pessimistic on Trump-Kim Summit?

Policy Alert #168 | June 21, 2018

US President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Chairman Kim Jong Un met in an unprecedented summit on the island of Sentosa in Singapore June 11-12, 2018. The resulting joint statement expresses the intentions of both countries to normalize relations and to work toward denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. Optimists pointed to acts of goodwill by both sides, such as North Korea’s commitment to repatriation of the remains of US soldiers and the US’s cancellation of the Freedom Guardian joint exercises with South Korea, as evidence that the summit marked the beginning of a new chapter in US-North Korea relations. Pessimists, meanwhile, argue that the joint statement does not go far enough and that the US is sacrificing its allies’ security for little more than a photo op. In this RPI Policy Alert, we continue our coverage of this year’s summer summits and perspectives from the Rising Powers.

SOUTH KOREA
At a press conference with US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, South Korean President Moon Jae-In offered  glowing praise for the summit: “There are various opinions about the achievements of the summit, but what is more important than anything else is that it has enabled Americans, Japanese, Koreans and other people around the world to break away from the threats of war, nuclear weapons and long-range missiles. The summit was of tremendous value even only with this factor. I believe it was truly a historic feat for the Korean Peninsula and the rest of the world to depart from the age of war and hostility to move toward an era of peace and common prosperity.”

CHINA
Following the US-DPRK summit, China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi told reporters that China welcomed the “history making” summit and would continue to play a constructive role in the building peace in the Korean Peninsula. Wang Yi stated that “China hopes that the leaders of the DPRK and the US will remove disruptions, build mutual trust, overcome obstacles, and reach basic consensus on and take substantive steps towards promoting and realizing the denuclearization and establishing the peace mechanism of the Peninsula.” Foreign Ministry Spokesman Geng Shuang reiterated Chinese optimism following the meeting and highlighted China’s role in suggesting the “dual track approach”: “The facts have proven that the China-proposed ‘suspension for suspension’ initiative has been materialized and now the situation is also moving forward in the direction of the ‘dual-track’ approach.” When questioned about the lifting of international sanctions on North Korea, Foreign Ministry Spokesman Geng Shuang told reporters that while China strictly followed the DPRK related resolutions, it firmly believed that “sanction itself is not the end, and the Security Council’s actions should support and conform to the diplomatic dialogue and the endeavour for the denuclearization of the Peninsula at this point, and promote the political settlement of the Peninsula issue.” At a press conference after his meeting with Chairman Kim on June 19, 2018, Chinese President Xi Jinping reiterated China’s support for North Korea: “No matter how the international and regional situations change, the firm stance of the CPC and the Chinese government on consolidating and developing the relations with the DPRK remains unchanged, the Chinese people’s friendship with the DPRK people remains unchanged, and China’s support for the socialist DPRK remains unchanged.”

 

JAPAN
From Tokyo, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe thanked President Trump for raising the abduction issue in his talks with Chairman Kim and described the summit as “a step in a comprehensive resolution.” Foreign Minister Taro Kono, in an interview with national public broadcasting organization NHK, was optimistic that the North would meet its end of the bargain, explaining that, “In North Korea, a promise of the supreme leader has special significance, especially if given in a written form. The domestic announcement of full denuclearization is also important. I think that in a situation like this, North Korea will stick to its promise.

 

INDIA
In a statement, India’s Ministry of External Affairs offered these kind words for the summit, “India welcomes the United States-DPRK (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) Summit held in Singapore. This is a positive development. India has always supported all efforts to bring about peace and stability in the Korean Peninsula through dialogue and diplomacy,” while including a thinly veiled reference to Pakistan’s ties to North Korea: “We also hope that the resolution of the Korean Peninsula issue will take into account and address our concerns about proliferation linkages extending to India’s neighbourhood.”

 

RUSSIA
During a press conference at the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit two days before the Singapore summit, Russian President Vladimir Putin expressed his country’s support for the event and highlighted China’s role in its fruition: “Russia welcomes the upcoming US-North Korean summit and points to China’s great contribution to resolving the Korean Peninsula crisis.” In a scheduled press conference, Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov responded to questions about the summit “The very fact of a direct contact taking place between the leaders of the United States and the DPRK deserves support. Indeed, the Russian-Chinese road map, which was put together a little less than a year ago, called for an end to bellicose rhetoric and provocative actions on both sides at its first stage, and establishing direct contact and the beginning of a discussion of all the issues and concerns that both parties have, at its second. It appears that Washington and Pyongyang are moving precisely towards this end.” Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Maria  Zakharova expressed Russia’s support for the easing of economic sanctions against North Korea in light of the positive developments: “We are convinced that one of the major components in the normalisation process in the region can and should be modification the UN Security Council sanctions regime against North Korea, particularly given that  respective sanction resolutions have repeatedly reaffirmed the Security Council’s commitment to this kind of adjustment, taking into account progress in the situation.” However, Deputy Foreign Minister Igor Morgulov later clarified that Russia would not pursue lifting the sanctions until “the situation on the Korean Peninsula develops in a positive direction.”

 

RPI acknowledges support from the MacArthur Foundation and Carnegie Corporation of New York for its activities.

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