Description: In this essay, the author provides an overview of dialogues between the United States and the Soviet Union, later Russia, regarding India’s nuclear weapons program in two major historical periods: from India’s test of Pokhran I in 1974 to the end of the 1990s, and from the late 1990s to 2000s. The first period, the author argues, was marked by a consensus of concern, while the second was plagued by mistrust between the two states that prevented a unified response to India’s test of Pokhran II in 1998.