Abstract: Japan remains committed to building closer ties with Russia, as Prime Minister Shinzo Abe believes that better relations with Moscow would promote the country’s long-term interests in the Asia-Pacific region. Russia may be ready to develop economic relations with Tokyo, but the Kremlin has made no sign that it intends to compromise on territorial disputes or improve ties as a means of hedging against China. Japan needs to understand the political and ideological links that support the Russia–China relationship, and be aware of Russia’s history with previous Asian “pivots.” Washington should understand the strategic logic of giving Russia diplomatic options in Asia besides reliance on China, and assess whether engaging Russia in Asia could induce Russia to play a less disruptive role in Europe.